Page 50 - TBN-2013-1

actually know that the engine oil is to be changed not because it has reached a distance of 5,000km or 10,000km.
For instance:
a. Mr. A drives his vehicle every-
day to Kuala Lumpur where the air pollution index is between #50 to #65.
b. Mr. B drives his truck everyday through a quarry where the air dust is flying everywhere, and the air Pollution index is in the range of #80 to #100.
c. Mr. C drives his car everyday in Christchurch, New Zealand where the air pollution index is about #20.
It is obvious that the contamina- tion level of these 3 engine oils are not the same because of the differ- ence in the air environment. Mr. A would need to change the engine oil at not more than 5,000 km, Mr. B would need to change the engine oil at 2,000km and Mr. C only needs to change the engine oil above 20,000km. It is not how long you drive your vehicle but how contami- nated is the engine oil that deter- mines the changing cycle. There- fore, the important point about the engine oil is not how good but how clean it is that matters.
In the Air Pollution Index of #50, the particles in the engine oil will be in- creased from about 1,000,000 par- ticles (#5 to #15 microns) per litre to 10,000,000 particles (#5 to #15 microns) per litre. When it reaches 10,000,000 particles per litre, the engine oil has to be changed re- gardless of the distance it has trav- elled. Any further delay in changing the engine oil will result in higher contamination levels which in turn causes more friction to the engine’s moving parts including the Turbo Charger.
When the engine oil is not changed when the oil reaches to 10,000,000 particles (#5 to #15 microns) per li- tre in due time, the wear and tear will take place in 3 areas that will affect the fuel consumption.
a. Piston liners
b. Piston cylinders c. Turbo Chargers
Damage is done to the piston liners and cylinders will lose its compres-
48 truck & bus news › 2013/1
时，就必须更换引擎油，不管它行驶的距离。任何拖延都会使引擎油的污染程度更高，
使引擎移动部件包括锅炉增压器产生更多的摩擦。
当引擎油达到每公升10，000，000颗粒(#5至#15微米)，如果没有及时更换引擎油， 那么就会对以下这3个部分造成磨损，影响油耗。
a. 活塞衬垫 b. 活塞缸
c. 涡轮增压器
活塞衬垫与活塞缸一旦遭受损伤，就会失去压缩压力，造成需要更多的柴油才能抵达同样 的距离。一个耗损的涡轮增压器无法有效地产生足够的空气将柴油的燃烧提高到极致。
许多人担心在行驶了超过5，000公里或10，000公里之后，引擎油就不会有那么多颗粒 和润滑性了。然而在今天先进的科技下，引擎油的进步神速。如果将API# 15W40CF4 级 的引擎油维持在NAS10或更低，那么该引擎油就能至少维持到100，000公里。因此，在5 ，000公里或10，000公里时更换引擎油，其实不但不利于环保，而且会影响公司的营运 利润。
总的来说，以下是4个造成高油耗的因素:
a. 污染的柴油
b. 低品质的柴油过滤器
c. 阻塞的空气过滤器
d. 耗损的活塞衬垫与活塞缸
大部分的卡客车一般面对前两个问题(祸不单行)，而且浑然不知。为了应付阻塞的空
气过滤器或耗损的活塞衬垫，柴油的消耗将吃进营运利润中。
好消息是以上的4大因素能够通过采用高品质的柴油过滤器和引擎油“绕过”过滤器。